![]() Papers showed that females are more likely to get an HIV test and to know about treatment, but they also have higher death rates for all causes as young adults. ![]() Using the latest national (HSRC) survey, Khangelani Zuma from the Human Science Research Council, South Africa described how the HIV rates vary between provinces, with the highest rates in urban, informal settlements. The conference highlighted such heterogeneity in risk and public response. Warren Parker, Director of the Centre for AIDS Development, Research, and Evaluation (CADRE) in Johannesburg, emphasized that part of that failure reflects the fact that “the epidemic is, in real terms, extremely heterogeneous as a product of the diverse economic, social, and behavioral factors that underpin it.” Recent data from the region underscore the continuing high rates of HIV infection (see chart below), and participants acknowledged that efforts to prevent new infections have failed. On November 29 and 30th, 2007 the U-Michigan advanced HIV/AIDS research group hosted southern African colleagues to review new data on the HIV crises, the reach of HIV testing and anti-retroviral therapy (ART), patient tracking systems, and the continuing challenge of translating new research into policymaking.
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